With the fundamental shift from a fixed to a programmable pipeline, finding modern style OpenGL resources can prove a bit tricky. Therefore I have put this page together to show a collection of useful modern GL related links, books and materials. If I missed something you believe I should add, please let me know!
Tutorials, Wikis and eBooks
http://www.opengl.org/wiki/Main_Page
The OpenGL wiki, probably the place you should start. Contains documentation on most of OpenGL as well as complete references for both OpenGL functions and GLSL shader programming.
http://www.opengl.org/registry/
Specs and documentation for OpenGL. Loads here but a bit… stark.
A series of 40 OpenGL tutorials including lighting, shading, normal mapping, skeletal animation and more.
http://www.arcsynthesis.org/gltut/
Actually an ebook, covers most of OpenGL
Another series of OpenGL tutorials covering a range of subjects and bordering on being an ebook.
http://www.opengl-tutorial.org/
A series of OpenGL tutorials for OpenGL 3.3 and higher. Broken into basic, intermediate and misc categories.
http://openglbook.com/the-book/
Another ebook on OpenGL, some on 3.3, some on 4.0. Makes use of freeGLUT and GLEW.
http://www.lighthouse3d.com/tutorials/glsl-core-tutorial/
A series of GLSL tutorials. GLSL is the shader language used with OpenGL.
http://duriansoftware.com/joe/An-intro-to-modern-OpenGL.-Table-of-Contents.html
An intro to modern OpenGL.
http://www.ozone3d.net/tutorials/
Ozone3d offer a range of tutorials on a number of OpenGL subjects ( as well as Direct3D tutorials if you are interested ).
http://www.opengl.org/sdk/docs/tutorials/TyphoonLabs/
Typhoon Labs GLSL tutorials ( PDF format ).
https://developer.nvidia.com/opengl
nVidia have a half dozen tutorials available at the above link, as well as a number of tools such as the NVIDIA PerfKit and Cg and FX Composer.
http://developer.amd.com/tools/graphics-development/
AMD’s (ATI) developer page. No tutorials, but a number of useful applications for developers.
http://sfml-dev.org/tutorials/2.0/window-opengl.php
Using OpenGL with SFML.
http://www.sdltutorials.com/sdl-opengl-tutorial-basics
Using OpenGL with SDL
http://lazyfoo.net/tutorials/OpenGL/index.php
LazyFoo’s OpenGL tutorials. Some are OpenGL 2.1 era while later ones are more modern style.
http://antongerdelan.net/opengl4/
A work in progress series of OpenGL 4 tutorials. Only the tutorials with working thumbnails currently exist, but certainly one worth keeping your eye on!
http://www.mbsoftworks.sk/index.php?page=tutorials&series=1
Another series of tutorials for OpenGL 3.3 (and higher). Pretty good collection of materials covered from beginner to intermediate topics.
http://theorangeduck.com/page/writing-portable-opengl
The title says it all. Covers writing OpenGL code that can run on multiple platforms with minimal changes.
Code Samples
https://github.com/tomdalling/opengl-series
A series of code samples to go along with the tutorial series from http://tomdalling.com/. Cover setting up Xcode, Visual Studio and Linux, as well as texturing, model loading, cameras, matrices and more.
https://www.gamefromscratch.com/post/2012/07/03/A-series-of-OpenGL-samples.aspx
A series of well commented modern OpenGL samples that make no use of an external library. Includes some advanced samples such as a Voxel rendering engine. Note, these tutorials aren’t hosted on GameFromScratch, we simply provide a table of contents and description of each in one place.
http://sourceforge.net/projects/ogl-samples/
OpenGL samples from the author of the GLM library mentioned below. Website explaining what is contained is available here.
Libraries
GLFW http://www.glfw.org/
GLFW is a cross platform open source library for handling window creation and management as well as dealing with input.
GLEW http://glew.sourceforge.net/
GLEW stands for OpenGL Extension Wrangler and it makes working with OpenGL extensions easier. It makes it easy to querying if a device supports a given extensions as well as calling that extension a much simpler process.
GLUT http://www.opengl.org/resources/libraries/glut/
GLUT stands for OpenGL Utility KIt and it is for creating and handling Windows like GLFW as well as keyboard, mouse and joysticks in a cross platform manner. It is not being actively developed, so other options are probably better choices. The last release was in 1998.
freeGLUT http://freeglut.sourceforge.net/
Is an open sourced implementation of GLUT under more active development than GLUT.
Simple DirectMedia Layer is a 2D game programming library that can be used to create windows and handle input, as well as simplifying many 2D graphic tasks.
SFML is a 2D game programming library built over OpenGL. Like SDL it can be used for window creation, input, audio and more along side your OpenGL library.
OpenGL Mathematics http://glm.g-truc.net/
Header file only C++ mathematics
As you may have guessed at this point, OpenGL has no facilities for creating windows or handling input, sound, networking, etc.
Books
OpenGL Programming Guide: The Official Guide to Learning OpenGL Version 4.3 (8th Edition) (Safari Link) OpenGL 4.3
OpenGL SuperBible: Comprehensive Tutorial and Reference (5th Edition) (Safari Link) OpenGL 3.3
OpenGL 4.0 Shading Language Cookbook (Safari Link) OpenGL 4.0
Language Bindings
OGLPlus http://oglplus.org/
OGLPlus is a C++ wrapper for OpenGL 3.x and higher.
OpenTK http://www.opentk.com/
OpenGL, OpenAL and OpenCL wrappers for .NET languages such as C# and VB.net.
PyOpenGL http://pyopengl.sourceforge.net/
OpenGL, GLU, GLUT wrapper for Python.
JOGL https://jogamp.org/jogl/www/
OpenGL bindings for Java.
LWJGL http://www.lwjgl.org/
Lightweight Java Game Library, a Java layer over OpenGL, OpenAL, OpenCL as well as additional input support.
( There are many many many more language bindings/wrappers for OpenGL for dozens of languages. These are some of the most common ).
See Also
OpenGL ES 2 http://www.khronos.org/opengles/2_X/
OpenGL ES 2 is the most modern reference implementation for OpenGL on mobile or embedded devices. It’s derived from OpenGL 2 and is very similar but varies in some ways from desktop OpenGL.
WebGL http://www.khronos.org/webgl/
WebGL is OpenGL ES 2 for the web, it is a JavaScript based library. WebGL support in modern browsers is getting better, but is by no means universal, nor is the performance consistent between browsers.
Mesa3D http://www.mesa3d.org/
On open source implementation of the OpenGL standard, currently compatible with OpenGL 3.1.
OGLPlus http://oglplus.org/
OGLPlus is a C++ wrapper for OpenGL 3.x and higher.